CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS TRB CSI › Cyber Security › cryptographic systems

CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS

Cryptographic System அல்லது Cryptosystem என்பது information-ஐ unauthorized persons படிக்கவோ, மாற்றவோ, போலியாக உருவாக்கவோ முடியாதபடி பாதுகாக்க பயன்படுத்தப்படும் முழுமையான security system ஆகும். Simple definition: Plaintext + Algorithm + Key…

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CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS…

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Definition

Cryptographic System அல்லது Cryptosystem என்பது information-ஐ unauthorized persons படிக்கவோ, மாற்றவோ, போலியாக……

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Simple Explanation

Suppose Alice, Bob-க்கு ஒரு message அனுப்ப வேண்டும். Message: MEET AT 10 AM இதை normal form-ல் அனுப்பினால் ne……

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Explanation
Cryptography

Cryptography என்ற வார்த்தை Greek words-லிருந்து வந்தது. Kryptos = Hidden / ……

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Explanation
Cryptographic system basic model

Sender | v Plaintext | v Encryption Algorithm | Secret Key | v Ciphertext | v Communicati……

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Important
Important terms

Cryptographic systems புரிந்த……

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Important

1. Plaintext…

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Important

Original readable message.…

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Explanation
Example

HELLO அல்லது: Transfer Rs.5000 Plai……

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List

1. Ciphertext…

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Explanation

Encryption செய்த பிறகு கிடைக்கும் unread……

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List

1. Encryption…

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Explanation

Plaintext-ஐ Ciphertext-ஆக மாற்……

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Formula

C = E(P) Key பயன்படுத்தினால்:……

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Decryption

Explanation

Ciphertext-ஐ original Plaintext-ஆக……

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Formula

P = D(C) அல்லது: P = Dₖ(C)…

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Key

Explanation

Cryptographic algorithm எப்படி data-ஐ t……

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Program
Example
Explanation

Strong cryptographic systems-ல் al……

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Explanation
Cryptographic system components

ஒரு cryptographic system-ல் பொதுவாக பின்வரும் components இருக்க……

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Flow
Complete flow

Encryption Key | v Plaintext ---> Encryption Algorithm ---> C……

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Explanation
Main types of cryptographic systems

Cryptographic systems பொதுவாக மூன்று ம……

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| | | Symmetric Asymmetric Hashing Cryptography Cryptog……

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Algorithm

1. SYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY…

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இதில் encryption மற்றும் decryption-க்கு same shared secret key பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. Encryption K……

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Formula
Symmetric formula

Encryption: C = Eₖ(P) Decrypt……

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Explanation
Symmetric advantage

Main advantage: Very fast Lar……

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Explanation
Symmetric disadvantage

Main problem: Key Distribution Problem Send……

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Explanation

1. ASYMMETRIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY…

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Explanation

Asymmetric cryptography-ல் இரண்டு different but mathematically relat……

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Explanation
Public key

Public Key யாருக்கும் share செய்யலாம். Alice P……

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Explanation
Private key

Private Key owner மட்டும் secret-ஆக வைத்திருக்க வேண்டும். Private Key ……

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Flow
Asymmetric flow

Bob | Plaintext | Alice's Public Key | Encryption……

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Real Life Example
Asymmetric examples

Important algorithms: RSA ECC ElGama……

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Explanation
Asymmetric advantages

Key distribution easier Digital ……

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Explanation
Asymmetric disadvantages

Compared with symmetric encryption: Slower More computa……

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Comparison
Symmetric vs asymmetric
Comparison

1. HASH FUNCTION…

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Comparison

Hash function encryption மாதிரி தோன்றினாலும் இது ……

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Explanation
Example

HELLO ↓ Hash Function ↓ Hash Digest Hashing-ல் normally decryption இல்லை……

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Explanation
Hash function characteristics

ஒரு good cryptographic hash function: Deterministic Fix……

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Real Life Example
Hash examples

Modern examples: SHA-256 SHA-3 BLAKE2 BLAKE3 Historical algorithms: MD5 ……

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Hash: Hash(password) Application original password-ஐ plai……

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Important

General-purpose SHA-256 மட்டும் பயன்படுத்துவது password storage-க்கு best pra……

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Explanation
Four security goals

Cryptographic systems நான்கு முக்கிய securi……

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| | | | Confidentiality Integ……

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Algorithm

1. CONFIDENTIALITY…

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Confidentiality = ரகசியத்தன்மை ……

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Program
Alice
Explanation

Attacker இதைப் படிக்கக் கூடாது……

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List

1. INTEGRITY…

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Explanation

Integrity = Data மாற்றப்படாமல் இருப்பது Original message: Transfer Rs.1000 Attacker: Transfer Rs.9000……

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List

1. AUTHENTICATION…

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Explanation

Authentication: Message அல்லது user உண்மையில் அவர் சொல்வது போலவே இருக்கிற……

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List

1. NON-REPUDIATION…

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Explanation

Non-repudiation என்பது: Sender ஒரு message அல்லது transaction-ஐ செய்த பிறகு: "நான் இ……

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Memory Trick

Cryptographic security goals: C I A N Where: ……

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Explanation
Cryptographic primitives

Cryptographic system என்பது ஒரு single algorithm மட்டும் அல்ல. பல cryptographic building blocks சேர்ந்து ஒரு ……

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Program
Message authentication code
Explanation

MAC இரண்டு முக்கிய things verify செய்ய உதவும்: Integrity + Message Authentication MAC-ல் ……

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Explanation
Digital signature

Digital signature என்பது electronic signature-ன் cryptographic form. Simplified model: Message ↓ Hash ↓……

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Important
Important difference

Encryption மற்றும் Digital Signature ஒரே thing அல்ல. Encryption: ……

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Explanation
Key exchange

Encryption செய்ய முன்னால் sender மற்றும் receiver cryptographic k……

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Important

Diffie-Hellman itself does not directly encrypt the……

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Explanation
Hybrid cryptographic system

Real-world systems பல நேரங்களில் symmetric + asymmetric ……

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Explanation
Why hybrid?

Symmetric: Fast ஆனால்: Key distribution difficult Asy……

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Flow
Hybrid flow

Asymmetric Cryptography ↓ Securely establish / protect key……

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Explanation
Session key

ஒரு communication session-க்காக temporarily உருவாக்கப்படும் ……

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Explanation
Classification based on keys

Cryptographic systems-ஐ key usage அடிப்படையில்: Symmetric One shared secr……

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Explanation
Classification based on data processing

Encryption algorithms data pr……

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| | Block Stream Cipher Cipher…

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Explanation
Block cipher

Plaintext-ஐ fixed-size blocks-ஆக pro……

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Explanation
Stream cipher

Data stream-ஐ தொடர்ச்சியாக pro……

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Explanation
Cryptographic attack

Attacker cryptographic system-ஐ break……

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Explanation
Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis என்பது: Secret key தெரியாமல் plaintext அல்லது key கண்டுபிடிக்……

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Important
Important terminology

Cryptography + Cryptanalysis = Cryptology Cryptography Secure communication உ……

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Explanation
Common attack models

Cryptographic systems குறித்த……

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Explanation

1. Ciphertext-Only Attack…

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Explanation

Attacker-க்கு ciphertext மட்டும் கிடைக்கும். Attac……

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Explanation

1. Known-Plaintext Attack…

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Explanation

Attacker-க்கு: சில plaintext அதற்கான ciphertext இரண்டும் தெரிய……

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Explanation

1. Chosen-Plaintext Attack…

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Explanation

Attacker தானாக சில plaintext-களை தேர்வு செய்து அவற்றின் ciphertext out……

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Explanation

1. Chosen-Ciphertext Attack…

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Explanation

Attacker சில ciphertext-களை தேர்வு செய்து corresponding decry……

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Explanation
Brute force attack

Possible keys அனைத்தையும் try செய்வது: Brute Force Attack Suppose key spac……

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Explanation
Key space

ஒரு key n bits என்றால் theoretically: 2ⁿ possible keys இருக்கலாம். 8-bit key: 2⁸ = 256 possible keys. 128-bit……

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Comparison
Cryptographic algorithm vs protocol

இந்த இரண்டு terms-ஐ confuse ச……

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Algorithm

ஒரு specific mathematical pro……

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Explanation
Example

AES Protocol பல cryptographic algorithms மற்றும் communication rules சேர்ந்து செய……

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Real Life Example
Real-life example

ஒரு secure website connection எடுத்துக்கொள்வோம். User: Browser Server: Bank Website Secure communication syst……

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Comparison
Cryptographic system vs encryption
Explanation
Key management

Cryptography-ல் algorithm மட்டும் strong இருந்தால் போதாது. Keys-ஐ சரியாக manage செய்ய வேண்டும். Key life ……

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Explanation
Why key management important?

AES போன்ற strong algorithm பயன்படுத்தினாலும் secret key: 1234 என்று weak-ஆக வைத்தால் security குறையும். அதேபோ……

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Explanation
Confusion and diffusion

Classical cryptographic design-ல் இரண்டு முக்கிய concepts: Confusion Plaintext/key மற்றும் ciphertext இடையேயா……

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Explanation
Avalanche effect

ஒரு input bit-ஐ மட்டும் change செய்தாலும் ciphertext-ல் பல bits change ஆக வேண்டும்.……

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Important

ஒரு secure cryptographic system-க்கு: Strong algorithm Strong keys Good random number generation Sec……

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Common Mistake
Error 1

"Cryptography means only encryption." Wrong. Cryptography ……

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Common Mistake
Error 2

"Hashing and encryption are same." Wrong. Encrypt……

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Common Mistake
Error 3

"Public key must be secret." Wrong.……

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Common Mistake
Error 4

"Symmetric encryption uses two keys." Wro……

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Memory Trick

Cryptographic system types: S A H S = Symmetric A = Asymmetric H =……

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TRB Point

TRB / NET / SET exam-க்கு முக்கிய points: Cryptosystem என்பது cryptographic algorithms, keys மற்றும் operatio……

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MCQ

The original readable message……

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MCQ

Converting plaintext into cip……

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MCQ

Which cryptographic system us……

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MCQ

Which system uses public and ……

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MCQ

Which of the following is a s……

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MCQ

Which is an asymmetric crypto……

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MCQ

SHA-256 is a:…

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MCQ

Cryptography and cryptanalysi……

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MCQ

Which security service keeps ……

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MCQ

Which technique can provide n……

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TRB Point
Exam point

Cryptographic Systems என்பது data-ஐ secure communication-க்கு பயன்படுத்தப்படும் algorithms, keys மற்றும் cryp……

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Summary

CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM | --------------------------- | | | Symmetric Asymmetric Hash | | | Same Key Two Keys On……

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