Courses TRB CSI Python Programming Return values, Parameters,

Parameter A parameter is a variable written in the function…

Parameter A parameter is a variable written in the function definition to receive a value from the function call. தமிழில்: Function call-லிருந்து வரும் value-ஐ receive செய்ய function definition-ல் எழுதப்படும் variable தான் Parameter.

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Return Values and Parameters in Python

Python function-ஐ சரியாக புரிந்து கொள்ள இரண்டு words ரொம்ப முக்கியம்:

Algorithm

1. 1Parameter
2. 2Return Value

01ஒரு function-ஐ ஒரு machine மாதிரி நினைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் · Input

1. 1Parameters
2. 2Function Processing
3. 3Return Value
4. 4Output / Result

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def add(a, b):
2    return a + b

def add(a, b): return a + b

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Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1result = add(10, 20)
2print(result)

result = add(10, 20) print(result)

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Explanation

இங்கே

• a, b → Parameters
• 10, 20 → Arguments
• a + b → Processing
• return 30 → Return Value

Explains the program above

Definition

Meaning

Parameter

A parameter is a variable written in the function definition to receive a value from the function call.

01தமிழில்

Function call-லிருந்து வரும் value-ஐ receive செய்ய function definition-ல் எழுதப்படும் variable தான் Parameter.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def add(a, b):
2    return a + b

def add(a, b): return a + b

Verified output

30

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Core idea

இரண்டும் parameters.

01இங்கே

a
b

Explains the program above

Simple Explanation

Suppose ஒரு box இருக்கு

Number 1 → [ ]

Number 2 → [ ]

இந்த empty places தான் parameters.

Function

def add(a, b)

இங்கே

a = first value வாங்கும் இடம்

b = second value வாங்கும் இடம்

Call

add(10, 20)

Now

a = 10

b = 20

Flow

Function Definition

def add(a, b):
        ↑  ↑
   Parameters

Call:

add(10, 20)
↑ ↑
Arguments

a10

b20

1. 1a + b
2. 210 + 20
3. 330

Comparison

Parameter vs argument

Context

இது மிகவும் முக்கியமான exam concept.

01def add(a, b)

return a + b
add(10, 20)

02Function definition · def add(a, b) · Here

a, b = Parameters

03Function call

add(10, 20)

04Here

10, 20 = Arguments

Memory Trick

Context

• Parameter → Definition
• Argument → Call

01Easy memory

P = Placeholder
A = Actual value

Parameter = Placeholder
Argument  = Actual value

Explanation

Why parameters

Core idea

add()

01Parameters இல்லாமல்

def add():
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print(a + b)

Output

Copy Expand

30

ஆனால் மீண்டும் 50 + 60 calculate செய்ய வேண்டுமென்றால் function-க்குள் values change செய்ய வேண்டும்.

Parameters பயன்படுத்தினால்:

Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1def add(a, b):
2    print(a + b)

def add(a, b): print(a + b)

Verified output

add(10, 20)
add(50, 60)
add(100, 200)

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

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add(10, 20)
add(50, 60)
add(100, 200)

Output

Copy Expand

30
110
300

ஒரே function different values-க்கு வேலை செய்கிறது.

இதுதான்:

Reusability

Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1def multiply(x, y):
2    print(x * y)

def multiply(x, y): print(x * y)

Verified output

20

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Core idea

multiply(5, 4)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

20

Explanation

Core idea

multiply(5, 4)

01def multiply(x, y)

x and y parameters.

02Detail 02

Function call.

03Here

5

x

4

y

04Then

1. 1x * y
2. 25 * 4
3. 320

Explanation

Multiple parameters

Core idea

Function ஒரு parameter மட்டும் அல்ல.

01Detail 01

Multiple parameters வைத்துக்கொள்ளலாம்.

02Detail 02

def student(name, age, mark):
    print(name)
    print(age)
    print(mark)

03Detail 03

student("Ravi", 20, 85)

04Mapping

name = "Ravi"
age  = 20
mark = 85

Explanation

No parameter function

Parameter இல்லாமலும் function உருவாக்கலாம்.

def greet()

print("Hello")

greet()

இங்கே

Parameters = 0

Arguments = 0

Explanation

Parameter count

இந்த function

def add(a, b)

print(a + b)

normally two arguments expect செய்கிறது.

Correct

add(10, 20)

Wrong

add(10)

Because one required argument missing.

Common Mistake

01def add(a, b)

print(a + b)

add(10)

02Python error concept

Missing required positional argument

03Because

a = 10
b = ?
b-க்கு value இல்லை.

Explanation

Positional parameters and arguments

Core idea

Normal arguments order அடிப்படையில் parameter-க்கு assign ஆகும்.

01Detail 01

def student(name, age):
    print(name)
    print(age)

02Detail 02

student("Ravi", 20)

03Mapping

First argument

first parameter

Second argument

second parameter

04So

name = Ravi
age = 20

05Detail 05

இதனை Positional Arguments என்கிறோம்.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def subtract(a, b):
2    print(a - b)

def subtract(a, b): print(a - b)

Verified output

5

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Core idea

subtract(10, 5)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

5

But:

subtract(5, 10)

Output

Copy Expand

-5

ஏன்?

Position change ஆகிவிட்டது.

Explanation

Keyword arguments

Core idea

Parameter name சொல்லி value கொடுக்கலாம்.

01Detail 01

def student(name, age):
    print(name)
    print(age)

02Detail 02

student(age=20, name="Ravi")

Output

Copy Expand

Ravi
20

இங்கே order change ஆனாலும் problem இல்லை.

Because parameter names explicitly given.

Explanation

Default parameter

Core idea

Parameter-க்கு default value கொடுக்கலாம்.

01def greet(name="Student")

print("Hello", name)

02Detail 02

greet()

Output

Copy Expand

Hello Student

Call with argument:

greet("Ravi")

Output

Copy Expand

Hello Ravi

Concept

01def greet(name="Student") · இங்கே

name = default parameter value

02Argument கொடுக்கவில்லை

Student

use ஆகும்.

03Argument கொடுத்தால்

Passed value

use ஆகும்.

Explanation

Default parameter rule

Core idea

Required parameter first.

01Detail 01

Default parameter after it.

02Correct

def student(name, age=18):
    print(name, age)

03Avoid

def student(name="Ravi", age):

04Reason

non-default parameter cannot normally follow a default parameter in this form.

Explanation

Variable length parameter

Core idea

use செய்யலாம்.

01எத்தனை values வரும் என்று தெரியவில்லை என்றால்

*args

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def numbers(*x):
2    print(x)

def numbers(*x): print(x)

Verified output

(10, 20, 30, 40)

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Core idea

numbers(10, 20, 30, 40)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

(10, 20, 30, 40)

Important

1. 01*args values generally

   Tuple

2. 02

   ஆக collect ஆகும்.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def total(*numbers):
2    print(sum(numbers))

def total(*numbers): print(sum(numbers))

Verified output

60

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Core idea

total(10, 20, 30)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

60

Explanation

Keyword variable parameter

Core idea

**kwargs

01Detail 01

multiple keyword values collect செய்யும்.

02def student(**data)

print(data)

03Detail 03

student(name="Ravi", age=20, mark=90)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

{'name': 'Ravi', 'age': 20, 'mark': 90}

Important

1. 01

   *args → Tuple

2. 02

   **kwargs → Dictionary

3. 03

   Memory:

Important

- → many positional values

Important

** → many keyword values

Explanation

Return value

இப்போது second major concept

Return Value

A return value is the result sent back by a function to the place where the function was called.

தமிழில்

Function தனது processing முடிந்த பிறகு result-ஐ function call நடந்த இடத்துக்கு திருப்பி அனுப்புவது Return Value.

Simple Explanation

Core idea

இந்த 30 தான் return value.

01Function machine

1. 110, 20
2. 2add()
3. 310 + 20
4. 430

Syntax

Python 2 lines Copy

1def function_name(parameters):
2    return value

def function_name(parameters): return value

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Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def add(a, b):
2    return a + b

def add(a, b): return a + b

Explain Full screen Save

Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1def add(a, b):
2    return a + b

def add(a, b): return a + b

Explain Full screen Save

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1result = add(10, 20)

result = add(10, 20)

Explain Full screen Save

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(result)

print(result)

Verified output

30

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

Copy Expand

30

Flow

1. 1add(10, 20)
2. 2a = 10b = 20
3. 3a + b
4. 430
5. 5return 30
6. 6result = 30

Explanation

Return meaning

Core idea

அதாவது return screen-ல் print செய்யாது.

01இந்த line

return a + b

02என்பது

1. 1Calculate a + b
2. 2Send that result back

03Detail 03

Value-ஐ caller-க்கு back அனுப்பும்.

Comparison

Print vs return

Core idea

இது மிக முக்கியமான concept.
print()
def add(a, b):
print(a + b)
add(10, 20)

Output

Copy Expand

30

Screen-ல் result காட்டுகிறது.

Program

Python 3 lines Copy

1return
2def add(a, b):
3    return a + b

return def add(a, b): return a + b

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Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1x = add(10, 20)
2print(x)

x = add(10, 20) print(x)

Verified output

30

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

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30

இங்கே 30 முதலில் x-க்கு வருகிறது.

Table

Main difference

print()	return
Screen-ல் காட்டும்	Caller-க்கு value அனுப்பும்
Display purpose	Function result purpose
Value reuse difficult	Returned value reuse செய்யலாம்
Function continue ஆகலாம்	return function-ஐ end செய்கிறது

Concept

Concept example

Context

Using print

01def square(x)

print(x * x)

a = square(5)

print(a)

Output

Copy Expand

25
None

Why None?

Because function explicit return value கொடுக்கவில்லை.

Program

Python 3 lines Copy

1Using return
2def square(x):
3    return x * x

Using return def square(x): return x * x

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Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1a = square(5)

a = square(5)

Explain Full screen Save

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(a)

print(a)

Verified output

25

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

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25

Program

Now

Python 1 lines Copy

1a = 25

a = 25

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Important

Very important

1. 01Function-ல் explicit return இல்லையென்றால் Python automatically

   None

2. 02

   return செய்யும்.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def test():
2    print("Hello")

def test(): print("Hello")

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Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1x = test()

x = test()

Explain Full screen Save

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(x)

print(x)

Verified output

Hello
None

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

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Hello
None

Explanation

Return can be stored

def add(a, b)

return a + b

result = add(5, 10)

Now

result = 15

Returned value variable-ல் store செய்யலாம்.

Explains the program above

Explanation

Return can be reused

Core idea

print(result * 2)

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

02Result

= add(10, 20)

Output

Copy Expand

60

Program

Because

Python 2 lines Copy

1result = 30
230 × 2 = 60

result = 30 30 × 2 = 60

Verified output

30

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Explanation

Return can be directly printed

Core idea

Variable compulsory இல்லை.

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

02Detail 02

print(add(10, 20))

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

30

Explanation

Return in expression

Core idea

Returned function value another calculation-க்குள் பயன்படுத்தலாம்.

01def square(x)

return x * x

02Result

= square(5) + 10

03Detail 03

print(result)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

35

01Because

1. 1square(5)
2. 225

02Then

25 + 10 = 35

Explanation

Return stops function

Core idea

return execute ஆனதும் function execution immediately ends.

01Detail 01

def test():
    print("A")
    return
    print("B")

02Detail 02

test()

Output

Copy Expand

A

B execute ஆகாது.

Flow

1. 1print("A")
2. 2return
3. 3Function End

Anything after return in that execution path will not run.

Explanation

Return with value

def test()

return 100

Call

x = test()

Now

x = 100

Explanation

Return without value

Python

def test()

return

This returns

None

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def test():
2    return

def test(): return

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Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(test())

print(test())

Verified output

None

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

Copy Expand

None

Explanation

Multiple return values

Core idea

Python function multiple values return செய்யலாம்.

01def calculate(a, b)

return a + b, a - b

02Detail 02

x, y = calculate(10, 5)

03Detail 03

print(x)
print(y)

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

15
5

Explanation

How it works

This

return a + b, a - b

produces conceptually

(15, 5)

Python அதை tuple ஆக return செய்கிறது.

Explains the program above

Explanation

Check return type

Core idea

print(result)
print(type(result))

01def calculate(a, b)

return a + b, a - b

02Result

= calculate(10, 5)

03Output concept

(15, 5)
<class 'tuple'>

Explanation

Unpacking return value

Core idea

x, y = calculate(10, 5)

01means

x = 15
y = 5

02Detail 02

This is tuple unpacking.

Explanation

Return with condition

def check_number(x)

if x > 0

return "Positive"

else

return "Negative"

print(check_number(10))

Output

Copy Expand

Positive

Explanation

Early return

Core idea

Sometimes function-ஐ early stop செய்ய return பயன்படுத்தலாம்.

01Detail 01

def check_age(age):
    if age < 18:
        return "Not Eligible"

02Detail 02

return "Eligible"

03Detail 03

print(check_age(15))

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

Not Eligible

First return execute ஆனதும் function ends.

Explanation

Parameter and return together

ஒரு good reusable function usually

Parameter

Input

Return

Output

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def cube(number):
2    return number ** 3

def cube(number): return number ** 3

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Input

Copy Expand

number = 4

01Processing

4³

02Return

64

03Call

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1answer = cube(4)

answer = cube(4)

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Program

Now

Python 1 lines Copy

1answer = 64

answer = 64

Verified output

25

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

Run Explain Full screen Save

Real Life Example

Real time example

01Student result function · def result(mark) · if mark >= 40

return "Pass"

02else

return "Fail"

status = result(75)

print(status)

03Flow

1. 175
2. 2mark parameter
3. 375 >= 40
4. 4True
5. 5return "Pass"
6. 6status = "Pass"

Explanation

Parameter types

Core idea

Exam point-ஆக commonly parameters / arguments குறித்து கேட்கப்படும் forms:

Explanation

Core idea

• 1. Positional
• 2. Keyword
• 3. Default
• 4. Variable-length (*args)
• 5. Keyword variable-length (**kwargs)

Explanation

Positional

Core idea

add(10, 20)
10 → a
20 → b

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

02Detail 02

Position decides mapping.

Explanation

Keyword

Core idea

student(age=20, name="Ravi")

01def student(name, age)

print(name, age)

02Detail 02

Parameter name decides mapping.

Explanation

Default

Core idea

print(power(5))

01def power(x, p=2)

return x ** p

Output

Copy Expand

25

Program

Because default

Python 1 lines Copy

1p = 2

p = 2

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Program

But

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(power(5, 3))

print(power(5, 3))

Verified output

125

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

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Output

Copy Expand

125

Argument overrides default.

Explanation

Args

Core idea

print(total(10, 20, 30))

01def total(*numbers)

return sum(numbers)

Output

Copy Expand

60

Explanation

Kwargs

Core idea

print(display(name="Ravi", age=20))

01def display(**details)

return details

Explains the program above

Output

Copy Expand

{'name': 'Ravi', 'age': 20}

Concept

Local parameter concept

Parameters normally function-ன் local variables போல behave செய்கின்றன.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def show(x):
2    print(x)

def show(x): print(x)

Explain Full screen Save

Explanation

Core idea

show(10)

01Detail 01

x function execution-க்குள் value receive செய்கிறது.

02Detail 02

Function outside:

Explains the program above

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(x)

print(x)

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Explanation

Core idea

என்றால் x separately defined இல்லையென்றால் error வரும்.

Explains the program above

Concept

Pass by object reference concept

Python-ல் arguments pass செய்யும் behavior-ஐ simple-ஆக:

Function parameter object-ஐ reference செய்கிறது.

Program

Example

Python 2 lines Copy

1def change(x):
2    x = 100

def change(x): x = 100

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Program

Python 2 lines Copy

1a = 10
2change(a)

a = 10 change(a)

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Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1print(a)

print(a)

Verified output

10

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

Run Explain Full screen Save

Output

Copy Expand

10

Function-க்குள் x = 100 என்று reassign செய்ததால் outside a change ஆகவில்லை.

இந்த concept later mutable/immutable objects படிக்கும்போது மிகவும் முக்கியம்.

Important

1. 01parameter value storage box என்று மட்டும் நினைக்காமல்

   Function caller மற்றும் function body-க்கு இடையிலான input connection

2. 02

   என்று புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள்.

3. 03Likewise

   return என்பது function body மற்றும் caller-க்கு இடையிலான output connection.

4. 04So

   Caller

5. 05

   │

6. 06

   ├── Argument

7. 07

   ↓

8. 08

   Parameter

9. 09

   ↓

10. 10

    Function

11. 11

    ↓

12. 12

    Return

13. 13

    ↓

14. 14

    Caller

Comparison

Parameter vs Return Value

Parameter	Return Value
Function-க்கு input	Function-இலிருந்து output
Definition-ல் written	return மூலம் sent
Argument receives	Result gives back
Function start side	Function end/result side

Memory Trick

ARGUMENTPARAMETERFUNCTIONRETURN

Tamil memory:

Argument கொடுக்கிறோம் → Parameter வாங்குகிறது → Function வேலை செய்கிறது → Return result திருப்பிக் கொடுக்கிறது.

Common Mistake

Error 1

Context

Parameter and Argument same என்று நினைப்பது

Related concepts தான், ஆனால் exact same அல்ல.

01def add(a, b)

a, b = parameters.
add(10, 20)
10,20 = arguments.

Common Mistake

Error 2

Context

print means return

Wrong understanding.

01def add(a, b)

print(a + b)

This displays.

02def add(a, b)

return a + b

This returns.

Common Mistake

Error 3

Context

Code after return will execute

01def test()

return 10
    print("Hello")

print("Hello") execute ஆகாது.

Common Mistake

Error 4

Context

Too few arguments

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

add(10)

b missing.

Common Mistake

Error 5

Context

Too many arguments

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

add(10, 20, 30)

Function only two required positional parameters expects.

Common Mistake

Error 6

Context

Expecting return without storing or using it

01def add(a, b)

return a + b

add(10, 20)

Function returns 30, but this script does not display it automatically.

02To display

print(add(10, 20))

03or

x = add(10, 20)
print(x)

TRB Point

1. Parameter appears in?

TRB Point

Function definition

TRB Point

1. Argument appears in?

TRB Point

Function call

TRB Point

1. Which keyword sends result back?

TRB Point

return

TRB Point

1. Function without explicit return gives?

TRB Point

None

TRB Point

1. Does return terminate current function execution?

TRB Point

Yes

TRB Point

1. Multiple values returned by Python are commonly packed as?

TRB Point

Tuple

TRB Point

1. Default parameter means?

TRB Point

A parameter already has a predefined value.

TRB Point

1. *args generally stores?

TRB Point

Tuple

TRB Point

1. **kwargs generally stores?

TRB Point

Dictionary

TRB Point

1. print() and return same?

TRB Point

No

Interview Point

What is a parameter?

A parameter is a variable in the function definition that receives an argument when the function is called.

What is an argument?

An argument is the actual value supplied to a function during a function call.

What does return do?

return sends a result back to the caller and terminates the current function execution.

What happens if a function has no return statement?

Python implicitly returns:

None
Can a Python function return multiple values?

Yes.

Explanation

Example

Core idea

return a, b

01Detail 01

They are normally packed into a tuple.

02Detail 02

Can returned values be used in expressions?

03Detail 03

Yes.

Program

Python 1 lines Copy

1result = square(5) + 10

result = square(5) + 10

Verified output

A
None

Learning Run Mode — this is the output the author verified, not a live execution.

Run Explain Full screen Save

MCQ

181In the following code, x is: def square(x): return x * x

A Argument B Parameter C Function call D Return value

Choose one answer Try again

MCQ

182In: square(5) 5 is:

A Parameter B Argument C Function D Operator

Choose one answer Try again

MCQ

183Which keyword returns a value?

A print B def C return D input

Choose one answer Try again

MCQ

184What does a function without explicit return return?

A 0 B False C None D Error

Choose one answer Try again

MCQ

185What is output? def add(a, b): return a + b print(add(2, 3))

A 23 B 5 C None D Error

Choose one answer Try again

Output

Copy Expand

A
None

Answer: A followed by None

Algorithm

1. Which one generally collects variable positional arguments?

MCQ

189

A **kwargs B *args C return D lambda

Choose one answer Try again

Answer: B

Algorithm

1. **kwargs generally produces:

MCQ

192

A Tuple B List C Dictionary D Set

Choose one answer Try again

Answer: C

Algorithm

1. What happens after return executes?

MCQ

195

A Loop starts B Function execution ends C Program always ends D Parameter resets only

Choose one answer Try again

Answer: B

Algorithm

1. Which statement is correct?

MCQ

198

A Parameter = actual value in call B Argument = variable in definition C Parameter receives argument D Return and print are identical

Choose one answer Try again

Answer: C

Practice

Practice 1

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

print(add(15, 20))

Output

Copy Expand

35

Practice

Practice 2

Identify parameters and arguments:

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

multiply(4, 5)

Answer:

Parameters

x, y

Arguments

4, 5

Return

20

Practice

Practice 3

def get_name():
    return "Python"

x = get_name()

print(x)

Output

Copy Expand

Python

Practice

Practice 4

def calculate(a, b):
    return a + b, a * b

x, y = calculate(5, 3)

print(x)
print(y)

Output

Copy Expand

8
15

Summary

1. 01Function data flow
2. 02Arguments
3. 03↓
4. 04Parameters
5. 05↓
6. 06Function Processing
7. 07↓
8. 08Return Value
9. 09↓
10. 10Caller

Remember

1. 01

   Parameter → Function definition variable

2. 02

   Argument → Actual value during call

3. 03

   Return → Result sent back

4. 04

   Most important example

5. 05def add(a, b)

   return a + b

6. 06

   result = add(10, 20)

7. 07Here

   a, b → Parameters

8. 08

   10, 20 → Arguments

9. 09

   30 → Return Value

10. 10

    result → Returned value stored here

Explanation

Short description

Core idea

Parameter என்பது function definition-ல் input value receive செய்யப்படும் variable. Argument என்பது function call செய்யும்போது கொடுக்கப்படும் actual value. return statement function உருவாக்கிய result-ஐ caller-க்கு திருப்பி அனுப்புகிறது. Function-ஐ ஒரு machine போல நினைத்தால்: Arguments are input, Parameters receive input, function processes it, and Return Value is the output.