SYMMETRIC CIPHER MODEL TRB CSI › Cyber Security › Covers symmetric cipher models

SYMMETRIC CIPHER MODEL

Symmetric Cipher Model என்பது ஒரு encryption model. இதில்: Encryption செய்ய பயன்படுத்தும் key-யும், Decryption செய்ய பயன்படுத்தும் key-யும் ஒரே Secret Key ஆக இருக்கும். அதனால் இதற்கு: Symmetric Encryption Secret Key Encryption Private Key …

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SYMMETRIC CIPHER MODEL…

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Definition

Symmetric Cipher Model என்பது ஒரு encryption model. இதில்: Encryption செய்ய பயன்படுத்தும் key-யும், Decryptio……

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Simple Explanation

ஒரு message-ஐ Sender, Receiver-க்கு secure-ஆக அனுப்ப வேண்டும். உதாரணம்: Plaintext: HELLO இதனை அப்படியே networ……

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Flow

Symmetric Cipher Model-ல் முக்கியமாக 5 components உள்ளன. Secret Key K | v Plaintext P ---> Encryption Algorit……

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Explanation
Components

Symmetric Cipher Model-ல் முக……

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Explanation

1. Plaintext…

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Explanation

Plaintext என்பது original readable message. அதாவது encryption செய்வதற்கு மு……

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Important

Readable Data = Plaintext Plai……

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Important

1. Encryption Algorithm…

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Important

Encryption Algorithm என்பது plaintext-ஐ ciphertext-ஆக மா……

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Explanation
Example

HELLO ↓ Encryption ↓ X89A2 Encryption a……

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List

1. Secret Key…

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Explanation

Symmetric Cipher-ன் மிக முக்கியமான component: Secret Key Sender மற்றும் Receiver இருவருக்கும் ஒரே secret……

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Concept
Important concept

Symmetric cipher: Encryption Key = Decryption Key Si……

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Concept

1. Ciphertext…

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Concept

Encryption முடிந்த பிறகு கிடை……

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Explanation
Example

Plaintext: HELLO Encryption செய்த பிறகு: Ciphertext: X7@9Q Attacker ciphertext-ஐ intercept செய்தாலு……

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List

1. Decryption Algorithm…

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Explanation

Ciphertext-ஐ மீண்டும் original plaintext-ஆக மாற்றுவது Decryption. C……

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Formula
Mathematical model

Symmetric Encryption-ஐ mathematical form-ல்: Encryption C = E(K, P) அல்லது: C = Eₖ(P) Where: C = Ciphertext E……

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Explanation
Step-by-step working

Suppose: Sender = Alice Receiver = Bob Alice அனுப்ப வேண்டிய message: HELLO BOB Secret Key: K = 369 Step 1: Pl……

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Output
Result
Explanation
Attacker model

Network-ல் ஒரு attacker இருக்……

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Network | Attacker | | v Bob Attacker-க்கு பொதுவாக: Ciphertext கிடைக்கலாம் Encryption algorithm தெரிந்திருக்க……

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Explanation
Two basic requirements

ஒரு conventional symmetric encryption system secure-ஆக இருக்க இரண்டு முக்கிய requirements உள்ளன. Requirement ……

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Explanation

Attacker அதை intercept செய்துவிட்டால்: Ciphertext + Key இரண்டும் attac……

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Common Mistake
Key distribution problem

Symmetric Encryption-ன் major disadvantage: Sende……

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Explanation
Example

Alice -------- Secret Key --------> Bob ^ | Hacker Hacker ……

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Real Life Example
Real-life analogy

ஒரு locker இருக்கிறது என்று வைத்துக்கொள்வோம். Alice ஒரு document-ஐ locker-……

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Real Life Example

இதே concept தான் Symmetric Ci……

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Explanation
Types of symmetric ciphers

Symmetric Cipher இரண்டு முக்க……

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| | Block Cipher Stream Cipher…

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Algorithm

1. Block Cipher…

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Data-ஐ fixed-size blocks-ஆக ப……

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Explanation
Example

Plaintext ABCDEFGH IJKLMNOP QRSTUVWX ↓ Blocks ABCDEFGH IJKLMNOP QRSTUVWX ஒவ்வொரு b……

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List

1. Stream Cipher…

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Explanation

Data-ஐ தொடர்ச்சியான stream-ஆக encrypt செ……

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Concept

Plaintext Stream + Key Stream……

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Explanation
Example

RC4 ஒரு famous historical stream cipher; ஆனா……

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Comparison
Block cipher vs stream cipher
Real Life Example
Examples of symmetric algorithms

Important symmetric algorithms: DES 3DES AES Blowfish Twofish I……

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Explanation
Advantages

1. Fast…

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Explanation

Symmetric encryption மிகவும் ……

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Explanation

1. Less Computational Cost…

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Explanation

Public-key encryption-ஐ ஒப்பி……

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Explanation

1. Suitable for Bulk Data…

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Explanation

Files, databases, disks, network t……

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Explanation

1. Strong Security…

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Explanation

Strong algorithm + sufficient key……

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Explanation
Disadvantages

1. Key Distribution Problem…

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Explanation

Same key-ஐ sender மற்றும் rec……

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Explanation

1. Key Management…

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Explanation

Users அதிகமானால் அதிக keys தே……

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Explanation

1. Key Leakage…

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Explanation

Secret key attacker-க்கு கிடை……

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Explanation

1. Scalability Problem…

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Explanation

Large networks-ல் key managem……

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Explanation
Number of keys

Suppose ஒரு network-ல்: n users ஒவ்வொரு pair-க……

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Program
Example
Explanation

Then: 4(4 - 1) / 2 = 4 × 3 / 2 = 6 key……

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Common Mistake
Common error

Wrong Symmetric encryption uses two different keys. இது தவறு……

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Comparison
Symmetric vs Asymmetric
Memory Trick

Symmetric = Same S → Symmetric S → Same K……

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TRB Point

TRB / NET / SET exams-க்கு நினைவில் வைத்துக்கொள்ள வேண்டிய முக்கிய points: Symmetric cipher uses a shared secr……

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MCQ

Which key is used in symmetri……

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MCQ

Original readable message is ……

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MCQ

Encrypted message is called:…

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MCQ

Which is a symmetric cipher?…

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MCQ

Major problem of symmetric en……

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MCQ

Symmetric cipher is generally:…

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TRB Point
Exam short answer

Symmetric Cipher Model என்பது sender மற்றும் receiver இருவரும் ஒரு shared secret key பயன்படுத்தி data-ஐ encry……

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Summary

Plaintext ↓ Encryption Algorithm + Secret Key ↓ Ciphertext ↓ Network ↓ Decryption Algorith……

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